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Governments make 'pitiful' progress on oceans
Richard Black Source: BBC, Date: , 2012
Little
has been done to protect marine life since the 1992 Rio Earth Summit,
conservation scientists conclude.On pledges to protect key habitat and restrict
the size of fishing fleets, they say progress has been "pitiful".
Their
analysis is carried in the journal Science and is being discussed during final
preparations for the Rio+20 summit, which opens next week.
Conservationists
were delighted by Australia's move to set up the world's largest network of
marine reserves. But globally, the picture is bleak, they say.
"Our
analysis shows that almost every commitment made by governments to protect the
oceans has not been achieved," said Jonathan Baillie, director of
conservation at the Zoological Society of London (ZSL).
"If
these international processes are to be taken seriously, governments must be
held accountable and any future commitments must come with clear plans for
implementation and a process to evaluate success or failure."
Progress reviewed
In Rio
de Janeiro, leaders will be peering intently at how oceans play into global
sustainability. The researchers assessed the various pledges made at the
landmark 1992 Earth Summit and 10 years later at the Johannesburg World Summit
on Sustainable Development.
Governments
vowed to establish an ecologically sound network of marine reserves by 2012,
eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal fishing, protect critical
habitat, look after the needs of local fishermen and restore depleted stocks to
healthy levels by 2015.
Subsidies
have not been eliminated, and illegal fishing is still a major issue in some
parts of the world. Little over 1% of the seas are protected. Two years ago,
governments agreed to raise that to 10% by 2020, but the new analysis shows
that at the current rate of progress, the world is off course to meeting that
target.
The
pledge to restore stocks to healthy levels by 2015 has also seen slow progress.
European ministers meeting earlier this week voted to give themselves until
2020 to achieve the target in EU waters.
The
latest exception to this rather gloomy picture emerged earlier this week, when
the Australian government announced it was creating a network of marine
reserves around its shores that will cover 3.1 million sq km of water,
including the ecologically rich Coral Sea off the Queensland coast.
Coming
just before ministers arrive in Rio, conservationists hope it will inspire
other countries to commit to strong safeguards.
Commitment concern
Oceans
are one of the major themes of Rio+20.
The
"package" of outcomes that government negotiators are discussing
includes agreeing to establish marine reserves in international waters,
agreeing on equitable use of the oceans' genetic resources, and western help
for poor countries on technology.
A
decision to phase out harmful subsidies is also possible.
But over
the various rounds of preparatory talks that began six months ago, there has
been little indication that all governments are keen on these moves.
The US
is against pledging to share ocean genetic resources equitably; developing
countries say that without such a pledge, they will not agree to protected
areas on the high seas.
"We're
worried that some countries are starting to back off commitments that they made
10 years ago in Johannesburg," said Sue Lieberman, director of
international policy at the Pew Environment Group.
"But
there is still time for countries to move beyond what they agreed to in 2002,
especially on the high seas," she told BBC News.
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